Shkoder General Tips by Angjel

Favorite Thing: Shkoder is a town of 71,000 inhabitants. The people of this area are famous for
their subtle humour and sense of entertainment.

Shkodra was known as an old artisan centre, as well as road and river junction with
a considerable transit trade. Shkodra (formerly Scutari) is the third largest town in
Albania. It is one of the oldest towns in Europe, having been in the third century
B.C. the capital of the Illyrian Kingdom of the Ardians whose queen was the
Legendary Teuta.

In 168 B.C the Romans
occupied Shkodra and when the
Roman Empire split, in 395
A.D, it became part of
Byzantine (Eastern) Empire. In
1350, it became the capital of
the Albanian Feudal Lords, the
Balshas, only to be occupied in
1936 by the Venetians, who
held the town for almost 100
years. In 1478 the fortress was
besieged by the armies of the turkish Ottoman Empire. In 13th century, it became
the capital of the semi- independent pashalik, administrated by the Albanian feudal
lords, the Bushatllis.

Today, Shkodra is an important centre of industry. Its industrial enterprises are: the
electric wire and cable works (U.M.B. - 1955) ; the Drini plant for spare parts for
power stations: the wood and paper working combine: fabric works (1947); a
leather and footwear and foodprocessing works.

What to visit;

One of the most fascinating things to see is Rozafa fortress, situated at the top of the
hill, south direction, over-looking the town. You can't drive up to the fortress, as it
is very steep, so you have to walk about 10 minutes, through the narrow and stony
path that snakes to the big iron gate of the fortress.

Entering the front gate you will be astonished by the high milky walls, shaped into
arches, and all this reminds you of the legend related to the fortress : Three brothers
were engaged in the building of the original walls of the fortress, but found that
everything they constructed, collapsed during the night. An old seer informed them
that the successful building of the walls demanded a human sacrifice, and the
brothers agreed to sacrifice whichever of their wives brought them their lunch the
next day. But the two elder brothers warned their wives, so that the lunch was
brought by the wife of the youngest brother. This young woman, Rozafa, agreed to
be buried within the walls, provided a hole was left through which she would feed
her baby. and still today, milky water flows from a spring within the walls of the
fortress

Descending from the fortress, down to the right, adjacent to the walls of the
fortress, stands the Cathedral of St. Stephen, built in the 13th century. After the
turkish invasion, the Cathedral was turned into a mosque of which part of the
minaret remains.

The Catholic Church, built in the late 19th century and at the time the largest in the
Balkans, was transformed into a sports centre in 1967 and now it has reverted to
its former function. This church is of great importance, because Shkodra was
formerly the centre of the Catholic Church in Albania and a Jesuit seminary was
established here in the mid 19th century.

Mesi Bridge is a medieval bridge which spans the Kiri river, 8 km northeast of
Shkodra. It is one of the most exquisite bridges ever build by local master builders.
The bridge is 112 metres long, made up of three arches, the largest of which is 27
metres long and 15 metres high.


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Favorite Thing: SHKODRA

One of Albania's oldest cities, an important economic and cultural center with around 81,000 inhabitants. It lies on southern part of the plain of Mbishkodra, next to the Shkodra Lake (Liqeni i Shkodr‘s), between the rivers Drin and Bun‘, the mountain of Tarabosh, and the Rozafa Castle.

A street in Shkodra

In former times, Shkodra (pronounced: Shko-drah) was known as Scodra. It was founded around the 4th century B.C. on the hills around the Castle of Shkodra (Rozafa). It was the center of the Illyrian tribe Labeat, and during the rule of Gent it became the capital of the Illyrian kingdom. It was taken by the Romans in the year 168 B.C. One of the most important trade and military routes that came down from the northern part of the Balkan peninsula, passed through Shkodra, continuing to Kosova and further. In 1040, Shkodra was captured by the Serbs and became the center of Zeta. During the 14th century it became the center of the Balsha feudal family. In 1396 it was taken by the Venetians.
Shkodra resisted two major Ottoman attacks, in 1474 and 1478-1479, when the city was entirely surrounded by Ottoman forces. It fell under Turkish rule after a heroic struggle in 1479. After the Turkish occupation the city was devastated, and a large number of the population fled. Around the 17th century, the city began to prosper and it became the center of the sanjak, Turkish administrative units smaller than vilayets. It became the economic center of northern Albania, its craftsmen produced fabric, silk, arms, and silver artifacts. Two story stone houses were built, the bazaar, and the Bridge of Mesi (Ura e Mesit) over the Kir river, built during the second half of the 18th century, over 100 meters long, with 13 arcs of stone, the largest one being 22 meters wide and 12 meters tall.

In the 18th century Shkodra became the center of the pashallek of Shkodra, under the rule of the Bushati family, which ruled from the year 1757 to 1831. After the fall of the pashallek, the people of Shkodra had a number of uprisings against the Ottomans, in the years 1833-1836, 1854, 1861-1862, and 1869.

Shkodra became an important trade center in the second half of the 19th century. Aside from being the center of the vilayet of Shkodra, it was an important trading center for the entire Bakan peninsula. It had over 3500 shops, and clothing, leather, tobacco, and gun powder were some of the major products of Shkodra. A special administration was established to handle trade, a trade court, and a directorate of postage services with other countries. Other countries had opened consulates in Shkodra ever since 1718. Obot and Ulqin served as ports for Shkodra, and later on Sh‘ngjin. The Jesuit seminar and the Franciscan committee were opened in the 19th century.

Shkodra played an important role during the League of Prizren, the Albanian liberation movement. The people of Shkodra participated in battles to protect Albanian lands. The branch of the League of Prizren for Shkodra, which had its own armed unit, fought for the protection of Plava and Gucia, Hoti and Gruda, and the war for the protection of Ulqin.

In the 19th century, Shkodra was also known as a cultural center. The Bushati Library, built during the 1840s, served as a center for the League of Prizren's branch for Shkodra. Many books were collected in libraries of Catholic missionaries working in Shkodra. Literary, cultural, and sports associatons were formed, such as 'Bashkimi' and 'Agimi.' The first Albanian newspapers and publications printed in Albania came out of the printing press of Shkodra. The Marubi family of photographers began working in Shkodra, which left behind over 150,000 negatives from the period of the Albanian liberation movement, the rise of the Albanian flag in Vlora, and life in Albanian towns during the end of the 19th and the begining of the 20th century.

During the Balkan Wars and World War I, Shkodra was sought by Montenegro and Serbia. The people of Shkodra had resisted for seven months the surrounding of the town by Serbian and Montenegrin armies. The occupiers finally entered the town in April, 1913, and severely damaged the town and set the bazaar on fire. The Serbian and Montenegrin armies were compelled to leave in May, 1913, in accordance with the London Conference of Ambassadors, which alloted Shkodra to the new country of Albania. During World War I, Montenegrin forces once again entered Shkodra on June 27th, 1915. In January of 1916, Shkodra was captured by Austria-Hungary and was the center of the zone of their occupation. After World War I, the international military administration of Albania was temporarily located in Shkodra, and in March, 1920, Shkodra was put under the administration of the national government of Tirana. In the second half of 1920, Shkodra resisted another threat, the military intervention of the forces of the Yugoslav kingdom.

Shkodra was the center of democratic movements of the years 1921-1924. The democratic opposition won the majority of votes for the Constitutional Assembly, and on May 31st, 1924, the democratic forces took over the town and from Shkodra headed to Tirana.

From 1924 to 1939, Shkodra had a slow industrial development, small factories that produced food, textile, and cement were opened. From 43 of such in 1924, the number rose to 70 in 1938. In 1924, Shkodra had 20,000 inhabitants, the number grew to 29,000 in 1938.

Shkodra was the seat of the Catholic archiepiscopacy and had a number of religious schools. The first laic school was opened here in 1913, and the State Gymnasium was opened in 1922. It was the center of many cultural associations, such as 'Vllaznia.' In 1937, the Communist Group of Shkodra was formed, the main communist organization of Albania, which spread its ideology to the rest of the country.

During World War II, the Shkodrans fought against the Italian forces, and they were later resisted with demonstrations and strikes. The resistance movement was organized by the communists, which later formed Partisan fighting units. The town was liberated from the Germans on November 19th, 1944.

Shkodra was a major center of the democratic movement of 1990 and 1991. Many demonstrations and clashes with the police occurred here, when the population demanded an end to the brutal communist regime of Albania.

Shkodra is one of the major industrial centers of Albania. The mechanical and electronic industries are the most developed, preceding are the food and building materials industries. Some of the major manufacturing facilities are the factory of electric wires and cables, wood processing plants, factories of leather and clothing, tobacco, and food.

Shkodra is a major cultural center of Albania. The Pedagogical Institute and a branch of the University of Tirana are located in Shkodra. The main library has over 250,000 titles. The Cultural Center, the branch of the Artists and Writers Association, and the 'Migjeni' Theater are other major cultural institutions of Shkodra. The Museum of History, Museum of Education, the House of the Shkodra Branch of the League of Prizren, the Gallery of Arts, are some of the museums of Shkodra.

The city retains its characteristic appearance, with narrow streets with tall stone walls on both sides, and tall gates, but a large part of it has been transformed after World War II, with straight wide streets and tall residential and public buildings. The city expanded with several new quarters, and the industrial zone was built north of the city.

Some of the cultural monuments of Shkodra are the Castle of Shkodra (Rozafa), the Turkish Bath (hamam), the Mosque of Plumbi, and many old houses with an appearance characteristic to Shkodra. The city lies next to the lake and the residents use the beach of Shiroka for recreation.

Fondest Memory: Social-Cultural Youth Association CRYSTAL


Qemal Stafa
Vasil Shanto, P. 23
Shkodra, Albania
Tel: 00 355 224 1493
Email: rosche@icc.al.eu.org
Contact: Blendi Kraja, Chairman
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CRYSTAL is a cultural youth association that has recieved donations from both the SOROS Foundation and the Albanian Civil Society Foundation. The organization has sponsored art exhibitions, theatrical performances, rock concerts, and seminars focusing on society and the arts. CRYSTAL also gives prizes for poetry, prose, and painting. Some activities from 1998 are listed below.
January
Runs an environment program. Regional Environment Center (REC) donation. Gains a new funding for the Literary Review ORANA, and gives the publishing right to Pen - Club ORANA as a specialized forum for literature. Soros donation.

February
Cooperates with the local government for joint activities.

March
Makes a Newsletter and a TV spot for tolerance. Albanian Civil Society Foundation donation.

May
Makes a poster for the Campaign of the establishment of the Albanian Constitution. Albanian Civil Society Foundation donation.

December
Cooperates with the Albanian Forum of NGOs for helping the Shkodra NGOs. Participates in a round table with the Shkodra's Prefecture for social - cultural NGOs.

They have also recently founded the project Albanian Youth Peace Academy in Balkan, whose aims are:

Support to Albanian factor in the Balkans as a peace factor
Creation and enforcement of the Balkan's multiethnic network of individuals, NGO-s, Institutions, to strengthen the further Balkan's peace and democratization
Pushing forward of ethnic tolerance, inter-cultural exchange and enforcement of civil society in Balkans
Support to youth cooperation in Balkans and helping Albanian youth integrate in civil society
Establishing in Shkodra a center for youth research and studies in several fields, for activities of Balkanic type and a strong participation in public policies of the area.
This project is in the first stage of creating contacts for cooperation in the area and abroad, and people interested on this topic can contact Blendi Kraja at

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