Official name: Realm of Morocco
Head of State: Mohammed VI (king of Morocco)
Capital: Rabat 1993 ) 1,4 millions of hab. (With Salted) 1994 ) 1,38 millions of hab.
Surface: 458 730 Km2 , 710 000 Km2 with the Western Sahara. A referendum is foreseen by United Nations to decide on the definitive status of this territory (fastening with Morocco or independence).
Population: ( 1994 ) 26 488 000 = 58 hab. / Km2 ( 1995 ) 27 millions of hab.
Annual rate of population growth: 1985-94 ) 2,2 % 1990-95) 2,0 %
Expectation of life: 1994 ) 63 years (a hour 62 / f 66) 1995 ) 65 years
Rate of urbanization: 1994 ) 48 % 1995) 49 %
Main cities: Casablanca, Fes, Marrakesh, Oujda, Tétouan, Meknès
National holidays: in March 3 (holiday of the independence) in November 18 (holiday of the throne)
Languages: Arabic; Berber languages; French; Spanish
Religions: (1992) The Islam is official religion. 89 % of Moslems (who(which) 80 % of Sunnite melkites) 69 000 chrét .( Especially Catholics) 7 000 Jews
Situation Morocco is the country of the setting sun - Maghrib al-aqsa. It is the most western State of North Africa. The European continent only by 14 km of sea is limited on the West by the Atlantic Ocean (2 934 km of coasts), in the North by the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea (512 km of coasts) and is separated. It(he) has common ground borders with Algeria (1 350 km), Maurinania (650 km) and Spain (12 km) to Ceuta and Melilla. Morocco belongs at the same moment to the Mediterranean world, to the oceanic world and to the Saharan world.
Relief oceanic Morocco is widely opened westward. The progress(overhang) of the central tray(plateau) separates him(it) in ponds and successive littoral plains: Gharb where pours the oued Sebou, the Doukkala with the oued Oum-er-R'bia, the Haouz and the oued Tensift, Sous with the oued Under. Important river system is indeed turned to the Atlantic Ocean, with the The exception of Moulouya which throws(casts) itself into the Mediterranean Sea. All this oueds goes down(falls) from young mountains which draw a long ridge of high lands flanked(thrown) on both sides by plains and trays. This mountainous relief includes Rif (djebel Tidighine, 2 488 metres) in the North, followed by the Average Atlas, the High Atlas (djebel Toubkal, 4 165 metres, highlight of the Maghreb), Anti-Atlas limited to the South by the oued Draa. High Atlas and Rif frames(supervises) a tabular region of high trays, a meseta, over the valley of Moulouya, then the Moroccan central massif with its former(old) cliffs. Beyond the rocky deserted Western, vast Sahara begins the height of which is mostly lower than 200 metres.
Climate The Moroccan climate is at the same moment Mediterranean and Atlantic, with a dry and warm season doubled by a cold and wet season, the end of warm period being marked by the rains of October. The presence of the sea eases the distances from temperature, moderates lThe seasons and increases the humidity of the air(sight) (400 in 800 mm of rains on the coast). In the inside, the climate varies according to the height. Summers are warm and dry, especially when blows the ardent sirocco or the chergui, the summer wind coming from Sahara. In this season, the average temperatures are 22 ° C in 24 ° C. The winters are cold and rainy with frequent frost(gel) and snow. The average temperature evolves then of 12 ° C in 14 ° C and can go down(fall) exceptionally until - 20 ° C. PreSaharan and Saharan Morocco has a dry desert climate.
Towards 2000 BC Berber rural Civilization. XI-th BC Phéniciens then Carthaginian, bases counters along the Mediterranean rib(coast), then Atlantic. II-th BC Roman Dominion. From III-th s Dominion vandal, then Byzantine. 647 Succession(advent) of the Islam, at the beginning of the process of Islamization. 711 at the Beginning of the conquest of Spain. 789 Foundation of Fes. 1062 Foundation of Marrakesh. VIIIe-XVIIe s R.. Administration of the dynasties (Idrissides, Almaranides, Almohades, Mérinides, Saâdiennes). 1650 Succession(advent) of the dynasty chérifienne alaouite. On 1844 (in August 14) The " defeat of Isly ", the big first was undone in front of the French army. On 1912 (in March 30) French Protectorate. 1921-1926 War of Rif. 1953 Exile of Mohammed V. On 1956 (in March 3) Restoring of the sultan Mohammed, entry in the independence. 1961 Deathes of Mohamed V, Hassan II reaches the throne. 1975 " The green walking ". On 1976 (in February 26) the End of the Spanish presence in the Western Sahara. On 1988 (in August 30) Peace plan of the UNO for the Western Sahara foreseeing the organization of a referendum of self-determination. 1989 Creation of the UMA (Union of the Arabic Maghreb). On 1992 (in September 4) Adoption of the Constitution by referendum.
Currency: (oct. On 1997) 1 dirham = 100 centimes = 0,61 FF
Total GNP: ( 1994 ) 29,3 billion - 56-th world row(rank) on 226 countries
GNP / hab.: 1994 ) 1140 $ - 145-th world row(rank) on 226 countries
Annual growth: (1985-1995) + 2,8 % 1996) + 11,8 %
Structure of the GNP: (1994)
Agriculture Industry - Appearances(mines) Services
Agriculture: farmlands (% appeared surface): 20,7 % irrigated lands (% of farmlands): 13,6 %
Productions main resources Phosphates 1995: reserves - 75 % of the world reserves production - 20 millions of t.-3ème world producer
Money(silver), lead(shot), zinc, copper... Subsistence crops: citrus fruits (oranges 11-th world row(rank)), vegetables... Peach(fishing): 27 kg / hab. Tourism: on 1994 - 2 300 000 guests
Exports: ( 1993 ) 4970 million = export of acids phosphoriques, of phosphates, fertilizer, clothes...
Report export. / import. (Export. In % of the import.): 8652 million $ ( 1993 ) 4970 million = 57 %
Business connections with France: (1993)
Exports towards France Imports of France
Exports towards France 1723 million Imports of France 2203 millions Negative commercial pay(balance) - France is the 1-st supplier of Morocco
Consumption of energy / hab.: 1980 ) 254 kg fuel oil equivalent 1994 ) 307 kg fuel oil equivalent
Total foreign debt: ( 1995 ) 22,1 million
Rate of inflation: (1996) + 3,9 %
Working population (in % of the pop. Total): 1990 ) 38 %
Unemployment (in % of the pop. Active): 1994 ) 16 %
Rate of elimination of illiteracy in the adults:
1994 Elimination of illiteracy in the adults
1972) 22 % 1994) 42,1 % F 27,7 % a hour 54,5 %
Raw rate of schooling: any confused(merged) levels primary 1994 ) 46 % 1993 ) 72 % F 60 % G. Secondary 85 % 1993 ) 34 % F 29 % G. 40 % superior 1993 ) 10 %
Duration of the compulsory education: 6 years
Part of the education / % of the GNP: 1980 ) 6,1 % 1994) 5,4 %
Students studying abroad: 1989-1993 ) 13,9 %
1992: 0 , 549 - 111-th world row(rank) on 173 countries 1994: 0,566 - 119-th world row(rank) on 175 countries
COUNTRY Has AVERAGE HUMAN DEVCopyright © 1997 Institute of the Arabic World, Paris
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